Shoulder Dislocations
When the head of the upper arm bone slips out of the socket, causing pain and instability
Shoulder dislocations occur when the upper arm bone (humerus) is displaced from the shoulder socket (glenoid). This condition can cause significant pain, instability, and difficulty in moving the shoulder. Dr Ben McGrath, an orthopaedic specialist, provides expert care to diagnose and treat shoulder dislocations, ensuring optimal recovery and prevention of future injuries.
- What is a Shoulder Dislocation?
- Common Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocations
- Causes and Risk Factors for Shoulder Dislocations
- Types of Shoulder Dislocations
- Diagnosis of Shoulder Dislocations
- Non-Surgical Treatments for Shoulder Dislocations
- Surgical Treatments for Shoulder Dislocations
- When to See Dr Ben McGrath for Shoulder Instability
- FAQs About Shoulder Dislocations
What is a Shoulder Dislocation?
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the humeral head is forced out of the glenoid socket, compromising the stability of the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is highly mobile, making it susceptible to dislocations, which can be anterior (most common), posterior, or inferior, depending on the direction of displacement.
Common Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocations
Symptoms of shoulder dislocations typically include:
- Severe Pain: Intense pain in the shoulder, especially immediately after the injury.
- Visible Deformity: The shoulder may appear visibly out of place or flattened compared to the other side.
- Inability to Move the Shoulder: Movement is often restricted due to pain or instability.
- Swelling or Bruising: The area around the shoulder may swell or show signs of bruising.
- Numbness or Tingling: Sensation changes may occur in the arm or hand due to nerve involvement.
Prompt treatment is essential to reduce the dislocation and address any associated injuries.
Causes and Risk Factors for Shoulder Dislocations
Shoulder dislocations are commonly caused by:
- Trauma: Falls, motor vehicle accidents, or sports injuries involving direct impact or excessive force.
- Overhead Movements: Repetitive overhead activities, such as throwing, may weaken the shoulder joint over time.
- Contact Sports: Sports such as rugby, football, or basketball pose a higher risk of dislocation due to collisions or awkward falls.
- Weak Muscles or Ligaments: Individuals with weakened shoulder muscles or ligament laxity are more prone to dislocations.
- Previous Dislocations: A history of shoulder dislocations increases the likelihood of recurrence.
Understanding these risk factors can help in prevention and management.
Types of Shoulder Dislocations
Shoulder dislocations are classified based on the direction of displacement:
- Anterior Dislocation: The humeral head is displaced forward, accounting for the majority of shoulder dislocations.
- Posterior Dislocation: The humeral head moves backward, often due to seizures, electric shocks, or direct trauma.
- Inferior Dislocation: Rare cases where the humeral head is displaced downward, often accompanied by severe ligament or nerve injuries.
Dr McGrath determines the type of dislocation to develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Diagnosis of Shoulder Dislocations
Dr Ben McGrath uses a thorough diagnostic approach to confirm shoulder dislocations:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: A detailed assessment of the injury mechanism and an evaluation of shoulder stability, deformity, and nerve function.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays confirm the dislocation and check for associated fractures, while MRI or CT scans assess soft tissue damage, including labral tears or ligament injuries.
Accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment and recovery.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Shoulder Dislocations
Non-surgical management is often the first line of treatment for shoulder dislocations:
- Reduction: Prompt relocation of the humeral head into the glenoid socket. This is typically performed under sedation or local anaesthesia to minimise discomfort.
- Immobilisation: A sling or brace may be used to stabilise the shoulder and allow tissues to heal.
- Physiotherapy: Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular muscles, restoring range of motion, and preventing future dislocations.
- Pain Management: NSAIDs or other prescribed medications can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
These treatments aim to restore stability and function while minimising the risk of recurrent dislocations.
Surgical Treatments for Shoulder Dislocations
Surgery may be required for recurrent dislocations or if non-surgical treatments fail. Surgical options include:
- Bankart Repair: Arthroscopic repair of torn labrum and ligaments to stabilise the shoulder joint.
- Latarjet Procedure: Involves transferring a piece of bone to the front of the shoulder socket to prevent recurrent dislocations.
- Rotator Cuff Repair: For dislocations involving significant rotator cuff damage, surgical repair is performed to restore function.
Dr McGrath discusses the most suitable surgical options based on the patient’s activity level, age, and severity of injury. Post-operative rehabilitation is critical for recovery.
When to See Dr Ben McGrath for Shoulder Instability
If you experience persistent shoulder instability, recurrent dislocations, or difficulty using your shoulder following a dislocation, a consultation with Dr McGrath can provide a detailed assessment and personalised treatment options.
FAQs About Shoulder Dislocations
The shoulder will not return to its normal position without reduction. Prompt medical attention is necessary to avoid complications.
Recovery time varies but typically ranges from 6 weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the treatment approach.
Strengthening the shoulder muscles, improving posture, and avoiding high-risk activities can help reduce the risk of dislocations. Physiotherapy can provide targeted exercises for prevention.
