Patella Stabilisation
A surgical procedure to improve patellar alignment and prevent dislocations
The patella plays a vital role in knee function, gliding within the femoral groove during movement. Instability or frequent dislocations of the patella can result in pain, loss of mobility, and difficulty performing everyday activities.
Common Reasons for Patella Stabilisation Surgery
- Recurrent patellar dislocations caused by trauma or anatomical factors.
- Pain and instability that interfere with daily activities or sports.
- Damage to cartilage or soft tissue due to patellar maltracking.
Goals of the Procedure:
- Prevent recurring dislocations and improve patellar stability.
- Relieve pain associated with instability or soft tissue injury.
- Restore smooth movement and enhance knee function.
Preparation for Surgery
Dr Ben McGrath will conduct a comprehensive evaluation, including imaging studies such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, to assess the underlying causes of instability and plan the surgical approach.
Key Steps in Preparation:
- Consultation: Dr McGrath will discuss the procedure, outline the potential benefits and risks, and answer any questions.
- Pre-Surgical Instructions: Patients may need to fast before surgery and adjust medications, such as pausing blood thinners.
- Prehabilitation: Strengthening the surrounding muscles may help optimise recovery.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Maintaining a healthy weight and ceasing smoking may improve surgical outcomes and enhance healing.
What Happens During the Surgery?
Patella stabilisation surgery is typically performed under regional or general anaesthesia. The specific technique used will depend on the individual’s anatomy and the underlying cause of patellar instability.
Surgical Steps:
- Incision: A precise incision is made to access the patella and surrounding structures.
- Realignment: The patella is realigned to its proper position within the femoral groove.
- Soft Tissue Repair: Damaged ligaments or tendons are repaired or reconstructed, and imbalanced tissues are addressed.
- Techniques may include medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction or lateral release to correct alignment.
- Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or adhesive strips, and the knee is bandaged for protection.
The procedure typically takes 1 to 2 hours.
Understanding the Risks
As with any surgical procedure, patella stabilisation surgery carries potential risks:
- Infection: At the surgical site or within the joint.
- Blood Clots: Rare but possible in the legs or lungs.
- Residual Pain or Stiffness: Some patients may experience ongoing discomfort.
- Recurrence of Instability: Rarely, instability may persist despite surgery.
- Nerve or Vessel Injury: Extremely rare but possible during the procedure.
Dr McGrath follows strict surgical protocols and employs advanced techniques to minimise these risks.
What to Expect After Surgery
Immediate Post-Operative Care:
- Pain Management: Swelling and discomfort can be managed with prescribed medications and regular icing.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches or a knee brace may be used during the initial recovery period to protect the repair.
- Discharge Instructions: Patients will receive clear guidance on wound care, physical activity, and follow-up appointments.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
A structured rehabilitation program is essential for optimal recovery and long-term success.
Phase 1: Early Recovery (Weeks 0–6)
- Goals: Protect the surgical repair, reduce swelling, and regain basic mobility.
- Activities: Non-weight-bearing or partial weight-bearing with assistive devices, gentle range-of-motion exercises, and cryotherapy.
Phase 2: Strength and Stability (Weeks 6–12)
- Goals: Restore strength, stability, and flexibility.
- Activities: Physiotherapy focusing on controlled strengthening exercises, light cycling, and progressive weight-bearing.
Phase 3: Advanced Recovery (Months 3–6)
- Goals: Enhance functional strength and prepare for daily activities or sports.
- Activities: Strength training, balance exercises, and functional drills tailored to individual needs.
Long-Term Outcomes
Patella stabilisation surgery may help restore stability and function to the knee, enabling a return to normal activities and reducing the risk of future dislocations. Long-term success depends on:
- Commitment to the rehabilitation program.
- Regular follow-up visits to monitor progress and joint health.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support recovery and joint function.
With appropriate care, many patients experience significant improvements in mobility, comfort, and quality of life.