Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System (OATS)
A Procedure to Repair Joint Damage by Transferring Healthy Cartilage from a Non-Weight-Bearing Area
OATS involves transferring healthy cartilage and underlying bone (called an osteochondral graft) from a non-weight-bearing area of the joint to the damaged area. This technique may help repair cartilage defects and improve joint function.
Common Reasons for the Procedure
- Localised cartilage defects caused by injury or degenerative conditions.
- Persistent knee or joint pain that does not respond to non-surgical treatments.
- Cartilage injuries that limit mobility or affect daily activities.
- Prevention of further joint degeneration in specific cases.
Goals of the Procedure:
- Relieve pain caused by cartilage damage.
- Restore a smooth joint surface for improved movement.
- Enhance overall joint stability and function.
Preparation for Surgery
Proper preparation is essential to optimise outcomes from the OATS procedure.
Steps in Preparation:
- Pre-Surgical Consultation:
- Dr Ben McGrath will perform a detailed evaluation, including imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans), to assess the extent of cartilage damage.
- Pre-Surgical Instructions:
- Follow instructions regarding fasting before surgery.
- Certain medications, such as blood thinners, may need to be adjusted or paused.
- Lifestyle Adjustments:
- Quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight can contribute to better healing.
- Strengthening exercises for surrounding muscles may aid in recovery.
What Happens During the Surgery?
Procedure Steps:
- Anaesthesia:
- The procedure is typically performed under general or regional anaesthesia.
- Surgical Technique:
- A minimally invasive approach is often used, though some cases may require open surgery.
- A cylindrical graft containing healthy cartilage and bone is harvested from a non-weight-bearing area of the joint.
- The graft is carefully implanted into the damaged area, ensuring a precise fit to restore the joint surface.
- Duration:
- The procedure usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on the extent of the damage.
Understanding the Risks
While the OATS procedure is generally considered safe, there are potential risks associated with any surgery.
Common Risks:
- Swelling or stiffness in the joint after surgery.
- Temporary pain or discomfort during the healing process.
Rare but Serious Risks:
- Infection at the surgical site or within the joint.
- Damage to surrounding structures, such as nerves or blood vessels.
- Difficulty integrating the graft into the damaged area.
- Need for revision surgery in rare cases.
Dr Ben McGrath will take all necessary precautions to minimise these risks.
What to Expect After Surgery
Immediate Post-Operative Care:
- Pain management with prescribed medications.
- The joint may be immobilised temporarily using a brace or other device.
- Crutches or other assistive devices may be recommended to protect the joint.
Discharge Instructions:
- Follow guidance on wound care to prevent infection.
- Avoid activities that place strain on the joint during the initial recovery phase.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Recovery Milestones:
- Weeks 1–4:
- Physiotherapy begins with gentle range-of-motion exercises.
- Limited weight-bearing to protect the graft site.
- Weeks 5–8:
- Gradual progression to partial weight-bearing and strength-building exercises.
- Continued focus on improving joint flexibility and reducing swelling.
- Months 2–6:
- Return to most daily activities and light physical tasks.
- High-impact activities should only be resumed under Dr Ben McGrath’s guidance.
Restrictions During Recovery:
- Avoid excessive or repetitive strain on the joint.
- Follow all physiotherapy recommendations to support healing.
Long-Term Outcomes
The OATS procedure aims to provide long-lasting improvements in joint function and pain relief.
Expected Improvements:
- Reduction in joint pain during activities.
- Restoration of a smooth cartilage surface for better joint mobility.
- Enhanced ability to perform daily and recreational activities.
Maintenance of Results:
- Regular follow-up appointments with Dr Ben McGrath to monitor joint health.
- Engage in low-impact activities to maintain joint function.
- Prevent excessive wear by protecting the joint during high-intensity tasks.