Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
A condition that causes progressive stiffness and pain due to thickening of the shoulder capsule
Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterised by pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, often resulting in restricted movement. This condition typically progresses through distinct stages and may last several months to years. Dr Ben McGrath, an orthopaedic specialist, offers tailored treatments to manage symptoms, restore mobility, and improve shoulder function.
What is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint (the capsule) becomes inflamed and thickened, leading to pain and limited movement. It progresses through three stages:
- Freezing Stage: Pain and stiffness gradually increase, often limiting range of motion.
- Frozen Stage: Stiffness persists, and pain may subside, but movement remains restricted.
- Thawing Stage: Gradual improvement in mobility and reduction in stiffness.
This condition can affect daily activities and requires early intervention for effective management.
Common Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder
Patients with frozen shoulder often experience the following symptoms:
- Gradual Onset of Pain: Pain can range from mild to severe and typically worsens with movement.
- Stiffness: Difficulty lifting, rotating, or moving the arm due to reduced shoulder mobility.
- Restricted Range of Motion: Both active (self-initiated) and passive (assisted) shoulder movements are limited.
- Night Pain: Discomfort often disrupts sleep, especially when lying on the affected side.
- Prolonged Symptoms: The condition can persist for several months or even years if left untreated.
Causes and Risk Factors for Frozen Shoulder
While the exact cause of frozen shoulder isn’t always clear, certain factors increase the risk:
- Prolonged Shoulder Immobility: Following surgery, injury, or prolonged rest, the lack of movement may contribute to frozen shoulder.
- Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Parkinson’s disease are associated with an increased risk.
- Age and Gender: It most commonly affects individuals aged 40–60 and is more prevalent in women.
- Previous Shoulder Conditions: A history of rotator cuff injuries, fractures, or other shoulder conditions can increase susceptibility.
Dr McGrath considers these factors when diagnosing and formulating a treatment plan for frozen shoulder.
Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder
Dr Ben McGrath uses a thorough diagnostic approach to confirm frozen shoulder:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Dr McGrath will assess pain levels, range of motion, and any contributing medical conditions.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays may be used to rule out other conditions such as arthritis, while MRI or ultrasound can assess soft tissue structures around the shoulder.
A precise diagnosis ensures that treatment is tailored to each stage of the condition.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
Most cases of frozen shoulder can be managed with non-surgical treatments, including:
- Physiotherapy: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises prescribed by a physiotherapist can help improve range of motion and reduce stiffness.
- Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or pain relievers may be recommended to manage discomfort.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Dr McGrath may recommend injections to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain, particularly during the early stages.
- Hydrodilatation: This procedure involves injecting a sterile solution into the joint to stretch the capsule and improve mobility.
Non-surgical treatments aim to reduce symptoms and restore shoulder function, with individualised plans tailored to each patient.
Surgical Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
In cases where non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery may be considered to restore shoulder mobility. Options include:
- Manipulation Under Anaesthesia (MUA): The shoulder is gently manipulated while the patient is under anaesthesia to break up adhesions and improve movement.
- Arthroscopic Capsular Release: A minimally invasive procedure in which thickened or scarred portions of the joint capsule are cut to restore mobility.
Dr McGrath discusses the risks and benefits of surgery with each patient, ensuring an informed decision is made. Post-surgical rehabilitation is essential for optimal recovery.
When to See Dr Ben McGrath for Shoulder Pain
If shoulder pain and stiffness persist for several weeks, or if symptoms significantly impact your daily activities, a consultation with Dr McGrath can provide an accurate diagnosis and explore advanced treatment options tailored to your condition.
FAQs About Frozen Shoulder
The condition typically resolves within 12 to 24 months, but early treatment can significantly reduce recovery time and improve outcomes.
While rare, frozen shoulder can occur in the opposite shoulder or return in the same shoulder, particularly in individuals with underlying medical conditions.
Regular shoulder mobility exercises and avoiding prolonged immobility can reduce the risk. Consult a physiotherapist for a personalised program.