Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Elbow Stiffness and Contractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
- What are Elbow Stiffness and Contractures?
- Common Symptoms of Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
- Causes and Risk Factors for Elbow Stiffness
- Diagnosis of Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
- Non-Surgical Treatments for Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
- Surgical Treatments for Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
- When to See Dr Ben McGrath for Elbow Mobility Issues
- FAQs About Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
What are Elbow Stiffness and Contractures?
Elbow stiffness and contractures refer to a reduction in the elbow’s normal range of motion due to changes in the joint, surrounding muscles, tendons, or ligaments. Contractures can develop when these tissues become shortened or scarred, making it difficult to fully straighten or bend the elbow. Stiffness may be temporary or, in severe cases, lead to permanent functional limitations.
Common Symptoms of Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Patients with elbow stiffness and contractures may experience:
- Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty fully extending or bending the elbow.
- Pain with Movement: Discomfort or pain when trying to move the elbow beyond its restricted range.
- Tightness and Joint Rigidity: A sensation of the elbow being “locked” in place.
- Swelling and Tenderness: Swelling around the joint, especially after recent injuries or surgeries.
- Weakness in the Arm: Reduced strength due to limited use and decreased range of motion.
These symptoms can vary based on the underlying cause and severity of the stiffness.
Causes and Risk Factors for Elbow Stiffness
Elbow stiffness and contractures can result from:
- Injury or Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or ligament tears can lead to scar tissue formation, causing stiffness.
- Prolonged Immobilisation: Keeping the elbow immobile after injury or surgery may cause tissues to shorten, leading to contractures.
- Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can damage cartilage and surrounding tissue, limiting movement.
- Surgery-Related Scar Tissue: Post-surgical scar tissue around the elbow can restrict joint mobility.
- Burns or Soft Tissue Injuries: Severe injuries to the skin or soft tissue around the elbow can lead to contractures.
These factors contribute to decreased mobility and may require targeted treatment to restore function.
Diagnosis of Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Dr Ben McGrath uses a detailed diagnostic approach to assess elbow stiffness and contractures:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Evaluation of symptoms, range of motion, and any past injuries or surgeries.
- Imaging Tests:
- X-rays: To assess joint structure, potential bone spurs, or arthritic changes.
- MRI or CT Scans: For detailed images of soft tissues, scar tissue, and cartilage to evaluate the extent of stiffness.
An accurate diagnosis allows for an effective treatment plan tailored to the patient’s specific condition.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Non-surgical management is often the first approach, particularly in mild or early-stage stiffness:
- Physiotherapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to improve flexibility and range of motion, often guided by a physiotherapist.
- Manual Therapy: Techniques to mobilise and stretch the joint, helping to reduce stiffness.
- Splinting or Bracing: Static or dynamic splints may be used to gently stretch the joint and surrounding tissues over time.
- Medications: NSAIDs may help reduce inflammation and manage pain. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any medication.
- Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying heat before exercises or cold after can help manage discomfort and improve flexibility.
These treatments aim to relieve stiffness, improve function, and support the joint’s natural movement.
Surgical Treatments for Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Surgery may be recommended if non-surgical treatments do not provide relief or if contractures are severe:
- Arthroscopic Release: Minimally invasive procedure to remove scar tissue, bone spurs, or inflamed tissue that limits joint movement.
- Open Capsular Release: An open procedure to release tight joint capsule tissue and improve range of motion.
- Osteotomy: Re-alignment or reshaping of bone to address structural issues causing stiffness.
- Contracture Release with Tissue Grafting: If soft tissue damage is extensive, grafts may be used to restore flexibility.
Dr McGrath will discuss appropriate surgical options based on the severity of stiffness and the individual’s goals for recovery. Post-surgical physiotherapy is crucial for optimal results.
When to See Dr Ben McGrath for Elbow Mobility Issues
If you experience persistent elbow stiffness, limited motion, or difficulty with daily activities, a consultation with Dr McGrath can provide an accurate diagnosis and a personalised treatment plan to restore movement and function.
FAQs About Elbow Stiffness and Contractures
Yes, following post-injury or post-surgery rehabilitation protocols, including early range of motion exercises, can help prevent stiffness.
Recovery time varies based on the procedure and severity, but most patients experience improvement within 3–6 months, with physiotherapy support.
Gentle stretching and range of motion exercises may help, but it’s best to consult a physiotherapist for guidance specific to your condition.