Cartilage Preservation Knee Surgery
A surgical approach to protect and restore knee cartilage for long-term joint health
Cartilage preservation surgery addresses issues such as cartilage damage or early-stage arthritis, which can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility. These surgeries aim to restore joint function and relieve symptoms while preserving as much of the natural knee structure as possible.
Common reasons for cartilage preservation surgery include
- Cartilage damage due to injury, overuse, or early osteoarthritis.
- Persistent knee pain or instability that does not respond to conservative treatments.
- A desire to delay or avoid total knee replacement, particularly in younger or active patients.
The goal of joint preservation surgery is to repair or regenerate damaged cartilage, improve mobility, and enhance the quality of life.
Preparation for Surgery
Preparation involves a comprehensive evaluation by Dr Ben McGrath, often including imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs to assess the extent of cartilage damage and determine the best surgical approach.
Key Steps in Preparation:
- Consultation: Dr McGrath will explain the procedure, potential benefits, and associated risks, answering any questions you may have.
- Pre-Surgical Instructions: Patients may need to fast before the procedure and adjust medications, such as blood thinners, as instructed.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Weight management, smoking cessation, and strengthening exercises may help optimise outcomes and recovery.
What Happens During the Surgery?
Cartilage preservation knee surgery is typically performed using minimally invasive techniques under general or regional anaesthesia.
Surgical Techniques May Include:
- Microfracture: Small holes are drilled into the bone beneath the damaged cartilage to stimulate the growth of new cartilage.
- Osteochondral Grafting: Healthy cartilage and underlying bone are transplanted from another area of the joint or a donor site to replace damaged areas.
- Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI): Cartilage cells are harvested, grown in a laboratory, and re-implanted into the damaged area.
- Arthroscopic Techniques: Specialised tools are used to assess and treat cartilage damage with precision.
The duration of the procedure varies depending on the technique used and the extent of the damage.
Understanding the Risks
While cartilage preservation knee surgery is generally safe, potential risks include:
- Infection: At the incision sites or within the joint.
- Swelling and Stiffness: Temporary inflammation in the knee.
- Failure to Heal: Some cartilage repair techniques may not achieve full healing.
- Blood Clots: Rare but possible in the lower limbs.
- Nerve or Vessel Injury: Extremely rare but a potential complication.
Dr McGrath follows stringent safety protocols to minimise risks and ensure the best possible care.
What to Expect After Surgery
Immediate Post-Operative Care:
- Pain Management: Mild discomfort and swelling can be managed with prescribed pain relief and icing.
- Weight-Bearing: May be restricted initially, depending on the technique used.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches or braces may be required to support and protect the joint.
- Discharge Instructions: Clear guidance on wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments will be provided.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Recovery involves a structured rehabilitation program tailored to the specific surgical technique and individual patient needs:
Phase 1: Protection and Healing (Weeks 0–2)
- Goals: Protect the joint, reduce swelling, and initiate gentle range-of-motion exercises.
- Activities: Cryotherapy, isometric quadriceps exercises, and partial weight-bearing as directed.
Phase 2: Strengthening and Mobility (Weeks 2–6)
- Goals: Improve strength, restore mobility, and gradually increase activity levels.
- Activities: Closed kinetic chain exercises, light cycling, and swimming.
Phase 3: Advanced Recovery (Weeks 6–12)
- Goals: Restore full strength and return to daily activities.
- Activities: Functional training, advanced physiotherapy, and low-impact exercises.
Long-Term Outcomes
Cartilage preservation knee surgery may help alleviate pain, improve joint function, and delay the need for more invasive procedures. Long-term success depends on:
- Adherence to rehabilitation guidelines.
- Regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing and joint health.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including low-impact activities to support the joint.
By preserving cartilage and maintaining joint integrity, these procedures can provide lasting benefits for patients seeking to stay active and delay the progression of knee degeneration.