Arthroscopic Knee Synovectomy
A minimally invasive procedure to remove inflamed synovial tissue in the knee
Knee arthroscopy for synovectomy involves the use of an arthroscope (a thin, flexible camera) and specialised instruments to access and remove inflamed synovial tissue. This procedure is commonly considered for:
- Chronic inflammation that does not respond to medication or other non-surgical treatments.
- Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, synovitis, or other inflammatory joint disorders.
- Pain and swelling that interfere with daily activities or mobility.
The primary goal of this procedure is to reduce inflammation, which may help relieve pain and restore joint function.
Preparation for Surgery
Preparation for knee arthroscopy begins with a detailed consultation and imaging studies, such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds, to assess the condition of the knee and the extent of synovial involvement.
Key Steps in Preparation:
- Consultation: Dr Ben McGrath will review your medical history, symptoms, and imaging results to determine if a synovectomy is appropriate.
- Pre-Surgical Instructions: Patients may be asked to fast before the procedure and adjust or stop certain medications, such as blood thinners.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Patients may be encouraged to improve overall health through weight management, smoking cessation, or strengthening exercises to optimise recovery.
What Happens During the Surgery?
Knee arthroscopy for synovectomy is performed as a minimally invasive day procedure under general or regional anaesthesia.
Surgical Steps:
- Incisions: Small incisions are made around the knee to insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments.
- Visualisation: The arthroscope provides a clear view of the knee joint, allowing Dr McGrath to identify and assess the inflamed synovium.
- Synovium Removal: Using specialised instruments, the inflamed or overgrown synovial tissue is carefully removed without affecting healthy structures.
- Closure: Once the procedure is complete, the instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips. The knee is then bandaged for protection.
The procedure typically takes between 30 and 60 minutes, depending on the extent of synovial involvement.
Understanding the Risks
While knee arthroscopy for synovectomy is generally considered safe, it is important to understand the potential risks:
- Infection: At the incision sites or within the joint.
- Swelling and Stiffness: Temporary inflammation in the knee.
- Blood Clots: Rare but possible in the lower legs.
- Nerve or Vessel Damage: Extremely rare but a potential complication of any surgery.
Dr McGrath follows rigorous surgical protocols to minimise risks and ensure the best possible outcomes.
What to Expect After Surgery
Immediate Post-Operative Care:
- Pain Management: Mild discomfort and swelling are common and can be managed with prescribed pain relief and regular icing.
- Assistive Devices: Crutches or a brace may be provided for additional support.
- Discharge Instructions: Patients are given guidance on caring for their wounds, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments.
Most patients can bear weight on the affected leg shortly after surgery, but recommendations will vary depending on individual circumstances.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Recovery timelines for synovectomy via knee arthroscopy may vary, but typical milestones include:
- First Week: Gentle exercises may be introduced to maintain flexibility and prevent stiffness.
- 2 to 4 Weeks: Patients can gradually resume light daily activities. Physiotherapy may be started to strengthen the muscles around the knee.
- 6 to 12 Weeks: Many patients return to work and light physical activities. High-impact exercises are generally avoided until fully healed.
Physiotherapy is an important component of recovery, helping to restore mobility and support long-term joint health.
Long-Term Outcomes
The long-term benefits of a synovectomy may include reduced pain, improved mobility, and better joint function. However, outcomes depend on factors such as the underlying condition, adherence to rehabilitation protocols, and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle.
Regular follow-up appointments with Dr McGrath are essential to monitor progress and address any ongoing concerns. While the procedure may provide significant relief, it is important to maintain an active and healthy lifestyle to support knee function and overall joint health.