Arthroscopic Debridement & Ligament Repair (Knee)
A minimally invasive procedure to address knee joint damage and repair ligament injuries
Knee arthroscopy for debridement and ligament repair is used to treat injuries or degenerative changes in the knee joint. The procedure involves two main components:
- Arthroscopic Debridement: The removal or smoothing of damaged cartilage, tissues, or bone fragments that are causing pain or impeding joint function.
- Ligament Repair: The surgical reconstruction or repair of torn ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or medial collateral ligament (MCL), to restore stability and prevent further damage to the knee joint.
The procedure is commonly recommended for
- Ligament injuries, such as ACL tears.
- Cartilage damage or degeneration, particularly in conditions like osteoarthritis.
- Persistent pain, swelling, or instability that interferes with daily activities or physical activity.
The primary goal of this procedure is to reduce pain, restore knee function, and improve joint stability, allowing patients to return to a higher level of activity.
Preparation for Surgery
Before the surgery, Dr Ben McGrath will conduct a thorough assessment, including consultations and imaging such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, to evaluate the extent of ligament damage and cartilage wear.
Key Steps in Preparation:
- Consultation: Dr McGrath will review your medical history, symptoms, and imaging results to ensure that arthroscopic debridement and ligament repair are appropriate for your case.
- Pre-Surgical Instructions: Patients are usually asked to fast before the procedure and may be advised to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, before the surgery.
- Lifestyle Changes: Making adjustments such as weight management, smoking cessation, and performing pre-surgical strengthening exercises may help optimise recovery and improve surgical outcomes.
What Happens During the Surgery?
Knee arthroscopy for debridement and ligament repair is typically performed under general or regional anaesthesia as a minimally invasive day procedure.
Surgical Steps:
- Incisions: Small incisions are made around the knee to insert the arthroscope, which allows Dr McGrath to view the inside of the joint and assess the damage.
- Arthroscopic Debridement: Using the arthroscope and specialised instruments, damaged or degenerated tissue is removed or smoothed to improve joint function and reduce pain.
- Ligament Repair: If necessary, torn ligaments are repaired or reconstructed using sutures or grafts. The procedure may involve reattaching ligaments to bone or using tendon grafts to replace damaged ligaments.
- Closure: Once the procedure is complete, the incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips. The knee is bandaged and protected to support initial recovery.
The procedure usually lasts between 60 and 90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the repair and the extent of the damage.
Understanding the Risks
Knee arthroscopy for debridement and ligament repair carries some risks, though serious complications are rare. Common risks include:
- Infection: Localised infection at the incision sites or within the joint.
- Blood Clots: The formation of blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) is a potential risk.
- Swelling or Stiffness: Temporary inflammation and stiffness are common post-surgery.
- Nerve or Vessel Damage: In very rare cases, nerves or blood vessels near the knee may be damaged during surgery.
- Reinjury: There is a risk of re-injury to the repaired ligament, especially if rehabilitation protocols are not followed closely.
Dr McGrath takes all necessary precautions to minimise these risks and ensures patient safety throughout the procedure.
What to Expect After Surgery
Immediate Post-Operative Care:
- Pain Management: Pain and swelling are common immediately after surgery. Pain relief medication and regular icing can help manage discomfort.
- Assistive Devices: You may be given crutches or a knee brace for support and stability during the early recovery phase.
- Discharge Instructions: Patients are provided with clear instructions on wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments to monitor progress.
Most patients are able to bear weight on the leg shortly after the procedure, but full weight-bearing may be restricted depending on the specific repair performed.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Recovery after knee arthroscopy with debridement and ligament repair typically follows these milestones:
- First Week: Most patients can begin gentle range-of-motion exercises to avoid stiffness. Rest and elevation are important to control swelling.
- 2 to 4 Weeks: Patients gradually resume daily activities with the help of physiotherapy, which will focus on regaining knee mobility and strength.
- 6 to 12 Weeks: Many patients can return to work and light activities. Higher-impact activities or sports should be avoided until the knee has healed sufficiently.
Physiotherapy is essential throughout recovery to strengthen the knee, improve stability, and promote healing. Dr McGrath will work closely with you to develop a rehabilitation plan suited to your specific needs.
Long-Term Outcomes
While knee arthroscopy for debridement and ligament repair can significantly improve pain and joint function, the long-term success of the procedure depends on various factors, such as the extent of the injury, the type of repair performed, and adherence to rehabilitation.
Expected improvements include:
- Reduced pain and swelling in the knee joint.
- Restored mobility and improved knee stability.
- Enhanced ability to engage in normal daily activities or sports (following recovery).
To maintain long-term results, it is important to stay active, follow rehabilitation guidelines, and attend regular follow-up appointments with Dr McGrath.